Rugby, a sport played by millions around the world, is known for its high-energy, physicality, and strategic play. Originating in England, rugby has since become a global phenomenon, with fans and players alike passionate about the sport. In this guide, we’ll explore what makes rugby so captivating, from its history to its rules and key moments. Whether you’re a seasoned fan or just starting out, this comprehensive guide will provide you with all the information you need to understand and appreciate the sport of rugby. So, get ready to dive into the world of rugby and discover what makes it one of the most exciting sports in the world!
What is Rugby?
Brief History of Rugby
Rugby is a physical and fast-paced sport that originated in England in the early 19th century. It is a sport that combines elements of football, soccer, and wrestling, and is played by two teams of 15 players each. The game is played on a rectangular field, with the goal of scoring points by carrying the ball over the opponent’s goal line or by kicking it through the opponent’s goalposts.
The sport is named after the town of Rugby in Warwickshire, England, where the first formal rules of the game were drawn up in 1823. The game was initially played by a group of pupils at Rugby School, who developed a set of rules based on their version of the game. These rules were then published in a book called “The Book of Sports,” which was used as a guide for other schools to play the game.
The game of rugby continued to evolve over the years, with new rules and regulations being introduced as the sport gained popularity. In 1871, the first official rugby union was formed in England, and the first international rugby match was played between England and Scotland in 1872. The sport continued to spread throughout the world, with the formation of various rugby unions and leagues in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and France.
Today, rugby is a popular sport played by millions of people around the world, with major international tournaments such as the Rugby World Cup and the Six Nations Championship attracting massive audiences. The sport has also spawned various forms, including rugby league, sevens rugby, and women’s rugby, each with its own unique rules and regulations.
Overall, the brief history of rugby is one of growth, evolution, and popularity, making it one of the most beloved sports in the world today.
Rugby vs. American Football
While rugby and American football share some similarities, there are several key differences between the two sports. To understand these differences, it is important to examine the rules and gameplay of each sport.
Rugby
- Players and Equipment: Rugby is played by two teams of 15 players each. The players wear scrum caps, mouthguards, and shoulder pads.
- Field: The field is 100 yards long and 50-70 yards wide. It is divided into two halves, with a goalpost at each end.
- Objective: The objective of the game is to score points by carrying the ball over the opponent’s goal line or by kicking the ball through the opponent’s goalposts.
- Gameplay: The game starts with a kickoff, and the teams take turns possession of the ball. The players can run with the ball, pass it to their teammates, or kick it. The game is stopped when the ball goes out of bounds or when a player is tackled. The tackled player must release the ball, and the game continues.
American Football
- Players and Equipment: American football is played by two teams of 11 players each. The players wear helmets, shoulder pads, and other protective gear.
- Field: The field is 120 yards long and 53 yards wide. It is divided into two halves, with a goalpost at each end.
- Gameplay: The game starts with a kickoff, and the teams take turns possession of the ball. The players can run with the ball, pass it to their teammates, or kick it. The game is stopped when the ball goes out of bounds or when a player is tackled. The tackled player must give up the ball, and the game continues.
In summary, while both rugby and American football involve carrying or kicking a ball into the opponent’s goal area, the key differences lie in the number of players, field size, and rules of play. Rugby has a larger field, more players, and a different set of rules, while American football has a smaller field, fewer players, and a different set of rules. Understanding these differences is essential for rugby enthusiasts who want to appreciate the unique aspects of this exciting sport.
Rugby Positions
Forwards
In rugby, the forwards are a crucial part of the team as they are responsible for the majority of the physical aspects of the game. They are tasked with gaining ground for the team, protecting the ball, and creating space for the backs to work their magic. There are three main positions in the forward pack: the props, the hooker, and the locks.
Props
The props are the largest players on the field and are usually the first players to engage with the opposing team’s forwards. They are responsible for providing support and protection for the scrum and can also play a role in the loose play. Props typically wear the numbers 1 and 3.
Hooker
The hooker is the player who wears the number 2 and is responsible for anchoring the scrum. They must be able to engage with the opposing team’s prop and provide a stable platform for the rest of the scrum to build on. The hooker is also responsible for throwing the ball into the lineout.
Locks
The locks are the tallest players on the field and are responsible for providing additional support in the scrum and lineout. They typically wear the numbers 4 and 5 and are involved in both attacking and defensive plays. The lock position requires a combination of strength, agility, and strategic thinking.
In addition to these positions, there are also specialist positions such as the flanker and the number 8. These players are responsible for making breaks in the opposition’s defensive line and can be involved in both attacking and defensive plays. Overall, the forwards play a vital role in the success of a rugby team and require a combination of strength, agility, and strategic thinking to be effective.
Backs
The backs are a crucial component of a rugby team, responsible for scoring points and providing support to the forwards. In a rugby union team, there are typically 15 players on the field, with five in the backline. The backs are known for their speed, agility, and ball-handling skills.
Types of Backs
There are several types of backs in rugby, each with their own unique role on the field. These include:
- Outside Backs: These players are typically fast and agile, with excellent running skills. They are responsible for scoring tries and providing support to the team’s midfield.
- Inside Backs: These players are typically more involved in the passing and ball-handling aspects of the game. They often act as the link between the forwards and the backs, distributing the ball and supporting the team’s attack.
- Fly-Half: This player is usually the team’s primary kicker and playmaker. They are responsible for taking the ball out of the scrum and making decisions on where to distribute the ball.
- Scrum-Half: This player is responsible for passing the ball to the fly-half and is the link between the forwards and the backs. They are also involved in the team’s defense.
- Center: This player is involved in both attack and defense and is responsible for breaking through the opposition’s defense and making tackles.
- Wing: These players are typically fast and skilled runners who score tries. They are also involved in the team’s defense.
Responsibilities of Backs
The backs have several responsibilities on the field, including:
- Scoring: The backs are responsible for scoring tries, which are worth five points in rugby. They must use their speed and agility to break through the opposition’s defense and cross the try line.
- Support: The backs must provide support to the team’s forwards by taking part in tackles and providing support in the scrum.
- Distribution: The backs are responsible for distributing the ball to the forwards and to other backs. They must make quick decisions on where to pass the ball and ensure that the team maintains possession.
- Defense: The backs must be involved in the team’s defense, making tackles and supporting their teammates.
In summary, the backs are a vital part of a rugby team, responsible for scoring points and providing support to the forwards. With their speed, agility, and ball-handling skills, they are an essential component of any successful rugby team.
Rugby Skills
Tackling
In rugby, tackling is a crucial skill that involves stopping the opponent from making progress with the ball. A proper tackle is executed by wrapping one’s arms around the ball carrier and bringing them to the ground. However, it is important to note that dangerous tackles, such as those that target the head or neck, are not allowed in the game.
To execute a successful tackle, the tackler must approach the ball carrier at an angle, keeping their head and shoulders aligned with their feet. The tackler should also aim to make contact with the ball carrier’s chest, rather than their head or neck. Once the tackler has made contact, they should wrap their arms around the ball carrier and bring them to the ground while keeping their head and neck out of harm’s way.
It is important for tacklers to be aware of their surroundings and avoid dangerous tackles, such as those that could result in injuries to themselves or their opponents. Tacklers should also be aware of the ball carrier’s movements and be prepared to adjust their tackle if necessary.
Additionally, tacklers should be aware of the rules regarding tackling, such as the prohibition on tackling an opponent who is not in possession of the ball. In rugby, the tackler must also release the ball carrier once they are on the ground, allowing them to play the ball.
Overall, tackling is a critical skill in rugby that requires precision, technique, and awareness. By mastering the art of tackling, players can significantly improve their chances of success on the field.
Passing
Passing is a crucial skill in rugby, as it allows players to move the ball up the field and create scoring opportunities. In rugby, there are several types of passes, each with its own specific technique and purpose.
Types of Passes
Short Pass
A short pass is used to move the ball a short distance, usually within the backline. To execute a short pass, the player must toss the ball with a slightly forward angle, so that it reaches the receiving player’s hands at chest height.
Long Pass
A long pass is used to move the ball further up the field, often to a player in a more advanced position. To execute a long pass, the player must use a flatter trajectory, ensuring that the ball reaches the receiving player’s hands at eye level.
Driving Pass
A driving pass is used to move the ball towards the opponent’s goal line. To execute a driving pass, the player must use a short, sharp throw that drives the ball towards the goal line.
Off-load Pass
An off-load pass is used to pass the ball to a player who is running towards the opponent’s goal line. To execute an off-load pass, the player must throw the ball at an angle towards the receiving player, who must catch the ball and continue running towards the goal line.
Tips for Passing
- Always look up and make eye contact with the receiving player before passing.
- Use the appropriate footwork to set up the pass, depending on the type of pass being executed.
- Follow through with your arm after releasing the ball, to ensure accuracy and power.
- Practice different types of passes regularly, to develop your passing skills and build muscle memory.
- Focus on your technique, and always strive to improve your passing accuracy and precision.
Kicking
In rugby, kicking is a crucial skill that involves using the foot to pass the ball to a teammate or to score points. Here are some important aspects of kicking in rugby:
- Place kicking: This involves kicking the ball from the ground into the opponent’s goal for points. It requires accuracy and power to ensure the ball goes over the crossbar and between the uprights.
- Drop kicking: This is a method of kicking the ball from a stationary position. It can be used to score points or to clear the ball out of the opponent’s territory.
- Punt kicking: This involves kicking the ball from behind the team’s own goal line. It can be used to gain field position or to relieve pressure.
- Kick-off: This is the first play of the game, where one team kicks the ball to the other team. The kicker must boot the ball from behind the center line and it must go at least 10 meters before it can be touched by the receiving team.
- Restart kicks: These are kicks taken after a score or when the ball has gone out of bounds. The kicker must kick the ball from behind the point where it went out of bounds and it must go at least 10 meters before it can be touched by the receiving team.
In addition to these basic kicks, there are also specialized kicks such as the “box kick” and the “up-and-under.” These kicks require more advanced skills and are typically used in specific situations.
Overall, kicking is a vital part of rugby and can greatly impact the outcome of a game. Understanding the different types of kicks and how to execute them effectively is crucial for any rugby player.
Rugby Match
Before the Match
Pre-Match Preparation
Preparation for a rugby match begins several weeks before the actual game. Teams engage in rigorous training sessions, focusing on strength, endurance, and technique. Coaches and trainers also emphasize injury prevention, ensuring that players are in optimal physical condition.
Tactical Planning
A crucial aspect of preparation involves tactical planning. Coaches and players analyze opponents’ strengths and weaknesses, developing strategies to counter their attacks and capitalize on their defensive vulnerabilities. This includes devising plays, set pieces, and kicking tactics that can exploit the opposition’s weaknesses.
Team Selection
Selecting the right team is essential for success on the field. Coaches consider each player’s skill set, position, and recent form when determining the final squad. The team captain and other senior players typically have a significant influence on team selection, as their experience and leadership can be invaluable.
Match Venue and Facilities
Before the match, both teams inspect the playing venue and its facilities. They assess the condition of the pitch, including its size, any potential hazards, and the quality of the playing surface. Teams also check the availability of changing rooms, medical facilities, and other support services that may be required during the match.
Match Officials
Both teams must also familiarize themselves with the match officials, including the referee, touch judges, and other support staff. They review the laws of the game and any specific rules or guidelines that apply to the match. Understanding the officials’ expectations and their role in the game can help players avoid costly mistakes and penalties.
Pre-Match Routine
On the day of the match, teams have a well-established pre-match routine. This may include warm-up exercises, team meetings, and a final walk-through of the playing field. Players and coaches use this time to mentally prepare for the match, visualizing success, and focusing on their individual and team responsibilities.
During the Match
During a rugby match, there are several key rules and regulations that players must follow. These rules are designed to ensure the safety of all players and to promote fair play. Here are some of the most important rules to keep in mind during a rugby match:
No offside
One of the most fundamental rules of rugby is that players cannot be in front of the ball carrier when he or she is in possession of the ball. This is known as being “offside.” If a player is offside, the opposing team can stop the game and kick the ball back into play.
Tackling
Tackling is an essential part of rugby, but it must be done safely and legally. Players are not allowed to tackle an opponent from behind, and they must use their arms to make a tackle rather than their shoulders or head.
Rucking
A ruck is a situation that occurs when a player is on the ground and the ball is loose. Players from both teams can compete for the ball, but they must do so by staying on their feet and using their feet to push against their opponents. Players are not allowed to lift their opponents off the ground or use their hands to push their opponents away.
Scrums
A scrum is a method of restarting the game after a minor infringement has occurred. It involves players from both teams binding together and pushing against each other until the ball is released by the scrum-half. Players must stay on their feet and use their feet to push against their opponents.
Kicking
Kicking is an important part of rugby, and players can use their feet to kick the ball into touch, make a conversion, or kick a penalty. However, players must kick the ball forward and must not use their hands to pick up the ball after it has been kicked.
Overall, the rules of rugby are designed to promote fair play and to ensure the safety of all players. By understanding these rules, rugby enthusiasts can enjoy the game to its fullest.
After the Match
Conclusion of the Game
After the final whistle, the game concludes, and the teams leave the field. The winning team celebrates their victory, while the losing team reflects on their performance and what they can improve on for the next game.
Presentation of the Trophy
If it is a final or a cup game, the trophy is presented to the winning team. The captain of the winning team receives the trophy on behalf of the team, and it is then held aloft by the team in a show of triumph.
Post-Match Interviews
Players and coaches may be interviewed by the media after the game. They discuss their performance, highlights of the game, and any incidents that occurred during the match. They also provide insights into their strategy and what they plan to work on for future games.
Player Welfare
After the game, player welfare is a top priority. Players receive medical attention if necessary, and they are assessed for any injuries. They are then given time to rest and recover before their next game.
Analysis of the Game
After the game, experts and analysts provide their analysis of the game. They discuss the performance of the teams, individual players, and any significant events that occurred during the match. They also provide insights into what the teams can do to improve their performance in future games.
Social Media Reactions
Social media is abuzz with reactions to the game. Fans express their opinions on the performance of the teams and players, and they share their thoughts on the highlights of the game. Players and coaches also share their thoughts on the game and what they learned from it.
Reflection and Preparation for the Next Game
Both teams reflect on their performance and what they can do to improve for the next game. They analyze their mistakes, identify areas for improvement, and work on strategies to improve their performance. The losing team will be particularly focused on what they need to do to turn their fortunes around in the next game.
The post-match activities are an important part of the rugby experience. They provide an opportunity for teams and players to reflect on their performance, learn from their mistakes, and prepare for their next game. It is also a time for fans to celebrate victories, commiserate over losses, and engage in discussions about the game.
Popular Rugby Tournaments
Rugby World Cup
The Rugby World Cup is the pinnacle of international rugby competition, bringing together the top teams from around the world to compete for the coveted Webb Ellis Cup. The tournament is held every four years, with the most recent edition taking place in Japan in 2019.
The Rugby World Cup features 20 teams, with 10 teams from the Northern Hemisphere and 10 from the Southern Hemisphere. The teams are divided into four pools of five, with each team playing four pool matches. The top two teams from each pool advance to the knockout stages, where they compete in a series of elimination matches until the final, which is held at the end of the tournament.
The Rugby World Cup is a highly anticipated event, with millions of fans tuning in to watch the matches. The tournament is known for its high-intensity, physical play, and dramatic moments, making it a must-watch for rugby enthusiasts around the world.
One of the most iconic moments in Rugby World Cup history came in the 1995 final, when Jonny Wilkinson’s drop goal in the dying seconds of the match gave England a 17-14 victory over Australia. This moment, known as “The Dress Rehearsal,” is still talked about today and remains one of the most memorable moments in Rugby World Cup history.
In addition to the Webb Ellis Cup, the Rugby World Cup also awards individual honors for the best player of the tournament, the Golden Boot, and the best team, the Golden Team. These awards are highly coveted and are seen as a measure of a player or team’s success at the highest level of international rugby.
Overall, the Rugby World Cup is a must-watch event for rugby enthusiasts, showcasing the best players and teams from around the world in a highly competitive and dramatic tournament.
Six Nations Championship
The Six Nations Championship is one of the most prestigious and oldest international rugby competitions in the world. It is contested annually by six national teams: England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, and Wales. The tournament is held over seven weeks, with each team playing the other five once.
History
The Six Nations Championship was first played in 1871, making it one of the oldest international rugby competitions in the world. It was initially known as the Home Nations Championship, as it was only contested by the national teams of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The inclusion of France and Italy in the tournament occurred in 1910 and 2000, respectively.
Format
The Six Nations Championship is contested over seven weeks, with each team playing the other five once. Points are awarded for wins, with two points for a win and one point for a draw. The team with the most points at the end of the tournament is declared the winner. In the event of a tie, a number of different factors are used to determine the winner, including:
- The result of the head-to-head match between the two teams
- The difference in points scored and conceded in all the matches
- The difference in tries scored and conceded in all the matches
- The result of the head-to-head match between the two teams, if applicable
Significance
The Six Nations Championship is one of the most significant rugby tournaments in the world, with a rich history and a huge following. It is a showcase for the best rugby players in the world and attracts a huge audience both in attendance and through television broadcasts. The tournament is also an important source of revenue for the participating unions, with the money generated used to fund the development of rugby in each country.
The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship is an international rugby union competition that involves four teams: Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina. It was previously known as the Tri-Nations before the inclusion of Argentina in 2012. The tournament is considered one of the most prestigious in the world and attracts a huge following from fans all over the globe.
The Rugby Championship is played annually over a period of seven weeks, with each team playing the others once. The competition is hosted on a rotational basis by the participating countries, with Australia and New Zealand set to host matches in 2021. The tournament features some of the best rugby players in the world, and the matches are highly competitive and exciting.
The format of the Rugby Championship is simple: each team plays the others once, with the top two teams at the end of the tournament winning the title. In the event of a tie, the team with the better points difference is declared the winner. The Rugby Championship is also an important part of the World Rugby Rankings, with the winning team earning valuable points towards their ranking.
The Rugby Championship is known for its high-quality rugby, and the matches are often tightly contested. The tournament has produced some classic moments over the years, including memorable victories and dramatic comebacks. Fans of rugby are eagerly anticipating the next Rugby Championship, and it is sure to be an exciting event.
Famous Rugby Players
Current Stars
There are many talented rugby players currently playing the sport at the highest level. Here are a few of the most well-known and accomplished players:
- Beauden Barrett: A New Zealand fly-half who has played for the All Blacks since 2012. He is known for his speed, agility, and strong kicking ability.
- Maro Itoje: An English rugby union player who plays as a lock or flanker for Saracens and the England national team. He is known for his physicality and skill on the field.
- Michael Hooper: An Australian rugby union player who plays as a flanker for the Wallabies and the NSW Waratahs. He is known for his strong tackling and leadership on the field.
- Rieko Ioane: A New Zealand rugby union player who plays as a wing or fullback for the All Blacks and the Auckland Blues. He is known for his speed, agility, and try-scoring ability.
- Owen Farrell: An English rugby union player who plays as a fly-half or center for Saracens and the England national team. He is known for his strong leadership and tactical knowledge on the field.
These players are just a few examples of the many talented rugby players currently playing the sport. They have all achieved great success in their careers and are highly respected by fans and players alike.
Legends of the Game
In the world of rugby, there are several players who have left an indelible mark on the sport. These legends of the game have inspired countless others to take up the sport and have helped to shape the way the game is played today.
Some of the most famous rugby players of all time include:
- Jonah Lomu: A New Zealand rugby union player who is widely regarded as one of the greatest rugby players of all time. Lomu was known for his incredible speed and strength, and he helped lead the All Blacks to victory in the 1987 Rugby World Cup.
- Brian Lima: A Samoan rugby union player who played as a flanker or number eight. Lima was known for his powerful running style and his ability to break through the opposition’s defensive lines.
- Dan Carter: A New Zealand rugby union player who played as a fly-half or inside center. Carter is considered one of the greatest rugby players of all time and is known for his exceptional goal-kicking ability and his ability to control the game from the backline.
- Gareth Edwards: A Welsh rugby union player who played as a center or fly-half. Edwards is widely regarded as one of the greatest rugby players of all time and is known for his ability to score try from seemingly impossible angles.
- Richie McCaw: A New Zealand rugby union player who played as a flanker. McCaw is considered one of the greatest rugby players of all time and is known for his exceptional work rate and his ability to read the game.
These players, among others, have left an indelible mark on the sport of rugby and continue to inspire future generations of players.
The Future of Rugby
Rugby has been growing in popularity around the world, and the future of the sport looks bright. Here are some factors that will shape the future of rugby:
- Global expansion
Rugby is gaining popularity in countries where it was previously unknown. This growth is being driven by the success of national teams, such as Japan, who hosted the Rugby World Cup in 2019, and the United States, who are investing heavily in the sport. As rugby continues to expand globally, it will attract new fans and players, which will help to sustain its growth.
- Technological advancements
Technology is playing an increasingly important role in rugby. For example, video analysis is being used to help coaches and players improve their performance, while advances in sports science are helping to prevent injuries and improve recovery times. These technological advancements will continue to shape the sport, making it more professional and competitive.
- Player development
The future of rugby will be shaped by the development of young players. Many countries are investing in youth development programs, which will help to produce the next generation of rugby stars. Additionally, the professionalization of rugby means that players can now make a living from the sport, which will attract more talented players to the game.
- Rule changes
The laws of rugby are regularly reviewed and updated to improve the game. Recent changes have included the introduction of the “red card” for serious fouls, which has helped to make the game safer and more competitive. Future rule changes may focus on making the game more accessible to new players, or on improving the pace of the game.
- Fan engagement
Rugby has a passionate fan base, and the sport’s future success will depend on its ability to engage with fans. This will involve improving the fan experience at matches, as well as developing new ways for fans to engage with the sport, such as through social media and online platforms.
Overall, the future of rugby looks bright, with the sport set to continue its growth and development both on and off the field.
Join the Rugby Community
If you’re a rugby enthusiast, you might be wondering how you can get more involved in the sport. One way to do so is by joining the rugby community. Here are some ways you can get started:
- Join a local rugby club: There are likely several rugby clubs in your area that you can join. This is a great way to meet other rugby enthusiasts and get involved in the sport. You can check online or ask around to find out where the nearest club is.
- Attend rugby events: Watching rugby games and events is a great way to learn more about the sport and get involved in the community. You can attend games at local stadiums or watch events on TV.
- Volunteer: If you want to get more involved in the sport, you can volunteer at local rugby events or organizations. This is a great way to gain experience and learn more about the sport.
- Play the sport: If you’re looking to get more active, you can consider playing rugby yourself. This can be a great way to get in shape and meet new people. You can find local leagues or groups that play regularly.
Overall, joining the rugby community is a great way to get more involved in the sport and meet other enthusiasts. Whether you want to play, watch, or volunteer, there are plenty of opportunities to get involved.
FAQs
1. What is rugby?
Rugby is a sport that originated in England in the early 19th century. It is played by two teams of 15 players each, who use a ball to score points by running or passing it over the opposition’s goal line.
2. What are the main rules of rugby?
The main rules of rugby include:
- The ball can be carried and passed by players, but cannot be thrown.
- Players can only pass the ball laterally or backwards.
- The ball must be kicked into play at the start of each half and after each try (score).
- A player can only be tackled if they have the ball.
- If a player is tackled and they do not release the ball, they can be held until they do.
- If a player is caught offside (in front of the player with the ball), their team loses possession of the ball.
3. What is a try in rugby?
A try is the primary way to score points in rugby. It is worth five points and is scored when a player grounds the ball over the opposition’s goal line.
4. What is a conversion in rugby?
A conversion is the kicking of the ball through the opposition’s goalposts after a try has been scored. It is worth two points.
5. What is a penalty in rugby?
A penalty is a way for a team to score points without having to pass the ball over the opposition’s goal line. It is worth three points and can be awarded for various infringements committed by the opposition.
6. What is a scrum in rugby?
A scrum is a way for the teams to restart the game after a minor infringement has been committed. It involves players from both teams pushing against each other in a formation known as a “crouching position.”
7. What is a lineout in rugby?
A lineout is a way for the teams to restart the game after a minor infringement has been committed, usually involving the ball going out of bounds. It involves players from both teams jumping and catching the ball that is thrown in by a teammate.
8. What is a maul in rugby?
A maul is a way for the teams to restart the game after a minor infringement has been committed, usually involving a player being tackled. It involves players from both teams pushing and supporting each other, with the ball being thrown in by a teammate.
9. What is a ruck in rugby?
A ruck is a way for the teams to restart the game after a player has been tackled. It involves players from both teams forming a pile on top of each other, with the ball being thrown in by a teammate.
10. What is a knock-on in rugby?
A knock-on occurs when a player drops the ball or passes it forward, resulting in their team losing possession of the ball. It is considered an infringement and can lead to a scrum being awarded to the opposition.
